Mpox: A Global Outbreak

Understanding the Disease

What is Mpox?

Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, is a viral infection that belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus, which also includes smallpox, cowpox, and vaccinia virus. The symptoms of mpox are similar to those of smallpox, but typically less severe.

Transmission and Prevention

Mpox is primarily transmitted through close contact with an infected person's skin lesions, bodily fluids, or respiratory droplets. It can also be transmitted through contact with contaminated clothing or surfaces.

Prevention measures include avoiding contact with infected individuals, practicing good hygiene, and getting vaccinated if eligible.

Current Outbreak and Response

Global Outbreak

Since May 2022, cases of mpox have been reported from over 100 countries where the disease is not endemic, primarily in Europe and North America. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the outbreak a public health emergency of international concern.

Strain and Severity

The current outbreak is caused by a strain known as clade IIb, which is less deadly than the strain responsible for the 2014 West African outbreak. However, it can still cause severe illness in some individuals.

Risk to Africa

The WHO has also raised concerns about the outbreak in Africa, where the disease has been endemic for decades. The continent has reported over 1,000 cases and 12 deaths.

Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Symptoms

The symptoms of mpox typically appear within 5-21 days after exposure and include:

• Fever
• Muscle aches
• Swollen lymph nodes
• Skin rash

Diagnosis

Mpox is diagnosed through clinical examination and laboratory testing. Blood tests can detect the virus, while skin biopsies can confirm the presence of skin lesions.

Treatment

There is no specific treatment for mpox. Treatment is supportive and includes measures to manage symptoms, prevent complications, and prevent the spread of the virus.

Research and Prevention Efforts

Research

Research is ongoing to develop vaccines, treatments, and diagnostic tests for mpox. The WHO has established a research and development roadmap to accelerate progress.

Prevention

Prevention efforts focus on raising awareness, promoting safe practices, and expanding access to vaccines. Vaccination campaigns are ongoing in affected countries and are expected to help control the outbreak.